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Common Terms in Genetics
M.Tevfik DORAK
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a-helix: Common secondary
3-dimensional structure of proteins in which the linear sequence of amino acids
is folded into a spiral that is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the
carboxyl oxygen of each peptide bond.
Ab initio
gene prediction: A computing biology technique that attempts to identify genes
without any knowledge of their function nor of the genetics of the organism.
This can be accomplished because different gene features, such as exons,
introns, promoters, polyadenylation signal etc are associated with unique
patterns in the DNA sequence.
Acrocentric chromosome: A chromosome with its centromere towards one end. Human chromosomes 13,14,15,21,22 are acrocentric.
Adaptation: Adjustment to environmental demands through the long-term process of natural selection acting on genotypes.
Additive and non-additive components: In studies of heredity, the portions of the genetic component that are passed and not passed to offspring, respectively.
Allele: A known variation (version) of a particular gene. Formerly called allelomorph.
Allelic association: see linkage disequilibrium.
Allelic exclusion